P3

A) Storyboard and animatic.

 B) + C) SFX sketches

Contingency plans

D) Risk Assessment

E) Recce

F) Production risk assessment 

G) Permission to use SFX

H) Legal and Ethical

I) Risk assessment 

J) Health and safety 

0. HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW
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2. Most film/TV workers – including freelances – are “employees” for health and safety purposes. This is not decided by your tax status but by factors such as how much control you have over your work. It means your employer – the producer/production company – must among other things:
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4. ●  organise “risk assessments”; inform you of any significant dangers;
5. ●  introduce safety measures to comply with the law. As an employee you should work safely and:
6. ●  co-operate with reasonable instructions from your employer;
7. ●  use tools and equipment properly;
8. ●  report any dangers to those in charge.
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10. People working for themselves must conduct risk assessments and implement measures to protect themselves and others. Employers must produce a safety policy and make arrangements for their own employees’ health and safety. If carrying out your own business on shared sites, you must co-operate with site safety arrangements.
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12. Whether employed or self-employed, you have a right to know:
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14. ●  the name of the person with overall responsibility for health and safety;
15. ●  significant results from risk assessments carried out by your employer, other employers, site owners or contractors, which may affect you. 
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17. EMERGENCIES
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19. Producers must conduct fire risk assessments, set up emergency procedures, and inform everyone about them.
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21. Large productions should have a unit nurse or doctor, with qualified and fully equipped paramedic cover for stunts and hazardous special effects. There should be enough trained first aiders whenever people work.
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23. You are entitled to leave the workplace in the event of serious and imminent danger.
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25. For basic fire prevention, always:

• ●  keep evacuation routes clear; 
• ●  check the right fire extinguishers are accessible; 
• ●  observe no-smoking rules; 
• ●  avoid ignition sources (naked flame, heat, sparks, or friction) accumulations of rubbish, etc.
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• Relevant law: Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999; Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 (amended 1999); Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 - under review; Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 
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• WORKING TIME AND STRESS
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• Long working hours can cause fatigue and stress. Cumulative effects can make you more prone to errors and accidents, infections or long- term ill health, or falling asleep at the wheel.
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• BECTU believes that no one should work more than 12 hours a day.
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• By law you are entitled to rest breaks, daily breaks (minimum 11 hours), weekly breaks (of at least 35 hours or a fortnightly break of at least 59 hours), a maximum average working week of 48 hours (if you agree to more it should not involve health risks).
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• Planning should avoid unreasonable schedules, food or sleep deprivation and unnecessary retakes, especially those involving stressful or tiring activities.
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• If there is no accessible public transport, alternative transport should be provided from the workplace.
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• Everyone is entitled to work free from harassment, bullying or abuse.
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• Risk assessments should include measures to prevent work-related stress and promote good working relationships.
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• Relevant law: Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Working Time Regulations 1998 (as amended) 
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• ELECTRICITY
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• Electricity can kill. It can inflict electric shock and burns, and cause fires and explosions. Work on electrical systems must only be done by trained and competent people.
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• Electrical equipment must be suitable for its work in terms of strength and capability, especially in film/TV, where equipment is regularly used in temporary installations.
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• Always plan for the amount and type of power required. Generators must provide the right power, voltage and switching ability. Where multiple-phase supply is used, keep cables and appliances on each leg far enough away from each other to avoid the risk of someone receiving a double electric shock across different phases.
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• All conductors, equipment and cables must be suitably insulated and earthed. Circuit breakers such as residual current devices (RCDs) must be used, but not as substitutes for fundamental safety measures.
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• Route cables safely or cover them to prevent trips or falls and protect their integrity and insulation. Keep cable runs as short as possible. Never overheat cables by running them close to heat sources or using them coiled or tied up.
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• Ensure all equipment is inspected and tested regularly by the supplier(s) – equipment used on temporary installations often suffers heavy wear and tear. Plugs and connectors used on location should be rugged and built for protection against the weather.
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• Emergency lighting must be independently powered so that a fault in one system cannot jeopardise the other.
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• Relevant law: Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

WORKING ENVIRONMENT & WELFARE Hair/make-up areas should be properly ventilated with fresh or purified air. Air conditioning systems must be regularly tested and cleaned. The recommended “comfort range” of temperature for hair/make-up and similar work is 15.5°C to 20°C. Adequate lighting in the work area avoids eye strain. Natural light is best. Tungsten lighting is preferable to fluorescent. There should be proper lighting on the work site in general, for safe access when working at night or on early calls. Make-up buses should be stable and firmly sited on level ground: an unexpected shock or tremor when applying eye make-up could lead to a serious injury to the client. There should be safe access with stable steps with a handrail. Make-up chairs should be suitable for the purpose, and ideally capable of being raised, lowered and tilted. Everyone needs room to work. The recommended minimum working space per person is 11 cubic metres or 388 cubic feet, excluding any space three metres above the floor, furniture, equipment, etc. Adequate space must be provided when working on large numbers of clients, eg crowd calls. Rest facilities must include no smoking areas or separate rooms. There should be at least one WC/washbasin on a site with up to five people; two on a site with up to 25 people; and an additional one for each additional 25. Relevant law: Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND HYGIENE Commercial hair applications and cosmetics are designed for close contact with human hair and skin, and tested by manufacturers. However, some products – eg, lacquer sprays, aerosols, certain mousses, setting lotions, cleaning fluids, etc – contain hazardous substances (eg, solvents). These may enter the body by breathing in, swallowing, skin or eye contact, or through cuts or abrasions. Immediate effects of exposure may include irritation of the eyes, lungs or skin, headaches, nausea or dizziness. Repeated exposure may lead to dermatitis, or damage to the cornea, central nervous system, kidneys, liver or lungs. In some cases exposure may be fatal. Some people are also already sensitised to certain substances. Make-up design risk assessments must be competently carried out. The HoD should co-operate with the producer in ensuring that risk assessments are carried out on all hazardous substances and activities. COSHH assessments must be carried out on all hazardous substances before use. Information about risks must be given to those who may be affected. Assessments should take into account the possibility of individual allergies (eg, to latex or aerosols) All hair or make-up artists should be told what precautions are needed.